Abstract: Turbodrill is a critical power tool for deep drilling, while this tool face challenges in meeting the torque and efficiency requirements of ultra-deepwater complex drilling conditions. In order to improve the performance of turbodrill, a Ø178 turbodrill stator and rotor blade is focused, a novel blade optimization method was proposed by combining third-order Bessel curve and particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the three-dimensional space modeling of the blade. CFD numerical simulation demonstrated that the optimized curved blades achieved a torque increase of 0.85 N·m and a hydraulic efficiency of 86.66% at the optimal working conditions,representing a 5.12% improvement over straight blades. Experimental results confirmed a torque gain of 0.62 N·m and a hydraulic efficiency of 69.07%, representing a 5.18% enhancement. The research demonstrates that the new curved blade turbine constructed by the proposed optimization method has higher torque and efficiency. Analysis of the performance improvement mechanism revealed that the optimized blade geometry reduces leading-edge hydraulic losses and secondary flows while declining the pressure differentials across the blade surfaces. This research provides theoretical guidance for the optimal design of turbodrill stators and rotors.