Abstract: Through the summary to the practice of several years in the optimization of working conditions of a sucker rod pump in Shengtuo oilfield,this paper poses that the optimization of working conditions must take the harmoniousness between the intake capacity and out flow capacity of a well as the principle.In the field management of working conditions,the wells in the different districts(critical district,liquid supply deficiency district,potentical district and reasonable district) in the management chart of working conditions must be carefully and skillfully handled.The optimization of working conditions must conbine with the injection-production relation,reservoir configuration,physical property of crude oil,technical conditions and diagnosis data of the oil well,and handle properly the relations between the pump efficiency and the exempt workover period,between the pump efficiency and the oil production of the well,between the production parameters and the exempt workover period.This paper establishes the mathematical model of optimization of working conditions,expounds the importunce andnecessity of the system optimization.